The speed of light in a medium depends upon the nature of medium. We establish that ray optics can be derived from wave optics. Interference, an important manifestation of the wave nature of light, is the subject the last portion of this chapter. Models for light propagation a ray model geometric optics b wave model physical optics c photon model quantum optics 2. Introduction wave optics and ray matrices are two techniques that have been used for many years to model complex optical systems. Wave optics class 12 notes physics mycbseguide cbse. The time taken for light to travel from one wavefront to another is the same along any ray. The incident ray, normal and reflected ray all lie in the same plane.
Revision notes on ray optics and optical instruments. Please practice these derivations from optics to excel in physics for class 12 cbse physics. It is a medium through which light is propagated partially. As the wave propagates, let us assume in the positive x direction, any point on the wave pattern is displaced by dx in. Request pdf linear ray and wave optics in phase space ray, wave and quantum concepts are central to diverse and seemingly incompatible models of. We have already studied that the geometric centre of a spherical mirror is called its pole while. This process, first reported by erasmus bartholinus in 1669, is called double refraction. Free optics books download ebooks online textbooks tutorials. Combination of mirrors concept of virtual object jee neet youtube. It focuses primarily on the wave and ray descriptions of light, but also includes a brief introduction to the quantum description of light. It is a medium through which light can be propagated easily. Questions in this class notes are solved in a very easy and simple manner using short. August 29, 2012 using fermats least optical path principle the family of raytrajectories through a special but common type of.
Script fundamentals of modern optics, fsu jena, prof. Allen institute wave optics class notes pdf for jee main. Download revision notes for wave optics class 12 notes and score high in exams. All the distance measurements are done from pole of the. Wave optics, ray matrices, image rotation, image translation, optical system modeling. Firstorder optics a thirdorder optics, aberrations b higherorder approximations 3. Strictly speaking, ray optics is the limit of wave optics when the wavelength is infinitesimally small. With wave opticscommonly referred to as physical opticswe are able to account for. Ncert solutions class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics. Refraction and reflection of plane waves using huygens principle.
The study of light as a wave is called wave optics. Or aan imaginary surface passing through particles oscillating with same phase is known as. Nov, 2017 this is the 3d animated lesson with explanation which is very interesting and easy to understand way of learning by shiksha house. Waves and optics regular waves and optics worksheets and solutions wr1b. In fact, the full description of light as a wave can be rather cumbersome. A light ray is a line straight or curved that is perpendicular to the lights wavefronts.
Jan 22, 2020 free pdf download of cbse physics multiple choice questions for class 12 with answers chapter 10 wave optics. Ray optics and optical instruments 311 this case is to be taken as normal to the tangent to surface at the point of incidence. Download ncert books 202021 for new session based on latest cbse syllabus. Knowing this, however, is not the same as knowing everything about eyes and telescopes. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 9 ray optics. Wave optics wave front the wave front at any instant is defined as the locus of all the particles of the medium which are in the same state of vibration. The transmission of optical waves through simple optical components such as mirrors, prisms, lenses, and gratings is examined. We will instead spend most of this book making use of a simpler model of light, the ray model, which does a fine job in most practical situations. Download wave optics class notes pdf free of cost from below and share the post. Topics covered include re ection and transmission at boundaries, dispersion, polarization e ects, di raction, coherence, ray optics and imaging, the propagation of light in matter, and the quantum nature of. Here we are providing allen institute wave optics class notes pdf for jee main 2018 exam.
The time taken for light to travel from one wavefront to another is the same. Twodimensional examples of wave rays and wave fronts in the scattering of plane and cylindrical electromagnetic waves as well as of gaussian. The ray matrix technique is a fast way to gain an understanding of how a ray of light propagates through a series of. That is, the normal is along the radius, the line joining the centre of curvature of the mirror to the point of incidence. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 10 wave optics. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 10 wave. Fundamentals of modern optics institute of applied physics. The incidence light ray ab is divided into two light rays ray 1 bc and ray 2 ef by the division of amplitude principle. The figure is trying to say that electric field at a point is increasing and decreasing oscillating as the light passes by.
It is extremely useful for designing ordinary lenses. Ray and waveoptics markus selmke, frank cichos molecular nanophotonics, institute of experimental physics i, university of leipzig, 04103, leipzig dated. This is a complete set of notes of ray optics and optical instruments which is a part of physics syllabus for neet, jee. Workshop tutorials for biological and environmental physics wr1b. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 9 ray optics and. Ray optics geometrical optics covered by lecture introduction to optical. Waveoptics and ray matrices are two techniques that have been used for many years to model complex optical systems. On a screen parallel with the laser ray a bright light spot is observed at a distance 373 mm. According to wave theory of light, the light is a form of energy which travels through a medium in the form of transverse wave motion.
Wave optics theory and 3d deconvolution for the light. The angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection. These video tutorials along with short notes will teach you the basics of wave theory of light or wave optics, huygens principle and wave theories of reflection, refraction, superposition and interference, diffraction, and polarization etc for cbse, iitjee, medical entrance and various state board exams preparation. Free pdf download of ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments solved by expert teachers as per ncert cbse textbook guidelines. The corpuscular model predicted that if the ray of light on refraction bends towards the normal then the speed of light would be. The intensity of interference fringe depends up on the path difference between the ray 1 and ray 2.
The wave optics class notes pdf is the compilation of detailed theory part, solved examples, hc verma questions and previous year questions. They bend at the interface between two dissimilar media and may be curved in a medium in which the refractive index changes. Nov 07, 2017 ray optics treats light as either traveling in a straight line, refracting at a surface or reflecting at a surface and then continuing in a straight line to another surface. New cartesian sign convention for spherical mirrors. Drawing this figure for a light wave does not mean that light rays move up and down in the air. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 10 wave optics wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light.
August 29, 2012 using fermats least optical path principle the family of raytrajectories through a special but common type of a gradient refractive index lens, nr n. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics chapter end exercises with solutions and additional exercises solutions in pdf form free download updated for new academic session 20202021. Wave and optics wave optics bsc pdf wave optics wave optics by sanjeev gupta optics ray optics integrated optics introduction to optics dc pandey optics introduction to optics introduction to optics lastminute optics physical optics pdf physical optics sl arrora ray optics imtroduction to optics fibre optics pdf geometric optics pdf geometrical. Geometric optics describes how rays propagate through an optical system. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 10 in english medium free to download in pdf form for new session 20202021.
As the wave propagates, let us assume in the positive x direction, any point on the wave pattern is displaced by dx in a time dt see figure 1. Bungy jumping is an increasingly popular sport, with a growing clientele of. Physics of light and optics justin peatross michael ware brigham young university august 14, 2008. Thus the electromagnetic theory of light electromagnetic optics encompasses wave optics, which, in turn, encompasses ray optics. Physics mcqs for class 12 with answers chapter 10 wave optics. This course provides an introduction to optical science with elementary engineering applications. Ray optics and wave optics provide approximate models of light which. This book provides an introduction to the field of optics from a physics perspective. All chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments exercises questions with solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and boost your score more in examinations. Ray optics is based on rectilinear propagation of light, and deals with mirrors, lenses, reflection, refraction, etc.
Download cbse class 12th revision notes for chapter 10 wave optics in pdf format for free. At what minimum distance from the common center, bright fringe from one interference pattern coincides with bright fringe from other. Wave optics is an important topic from jee main jee advanced exam point of view. Ray optics geometrical optics covered by lecture introduction to optical modeling the topic of ray optics geometrical optics is not covered in the course fundamentals of modern optics. Wave optics propagation, interference and diffraction of waves axel kuhn, oxford 2016 paul ewarts lecture notes and problem sets.
Physics mcqs for class 12 chapter wise with answers pdf download was prepared based on latest exam pattern. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes pdf download. Propagation, interference and diffraction of waves. Rays are the lines perpendicular to the wavefront, which show the direction of propagation of energy. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics. It is often used to analyse the focussing of light through lenses or. It focuses primarily on the wave and ray descriptions of light. Students can solve ncert class 12 physics wave optics mcqs pdf with answers to know their preparation level. It explained the laws of reflection and refraction of light at an interface. Join the discussion forum to discuss your queries about nios board as well as cbse board.
Light passing through a calcite crystal is split into two rays. Each ray travels a different distance to reach a common point on a. A wave front is the locus of points having the same phase of oscillation. Ray optics treats light as either traveling in a straight line, refracting at a surface or reflecting at a surface and then continuing in a straight line to another surface. Wave optics fundamentals of photonics wiley online library. In our discussions of geometric optics we completely ignored the fact that light can. Ray optics fundamentals of photonics wiley online library. When two waves of exactly same frequency coming from two coherent sources travels in a medium, in the same direction simultaneously then due to their superposition, at some points intensity of light is maximum while at some other points intensity is minimum. Free pdf download of cbse physics multiple choice questions for class 12 with answers chapter 10 wave optics. Every year there are 12 questions asked from this topic. In this paper, we present an optical model for light field microscopy based on wave optics, instead of previously reported ray optics models.
Optics 3 3 note that if the incident light is already polarized, special orientations exist for which all of the. Important notes are also helpful for revision when you have less time and have to study many topics. Important notes of physics for neet, jee for ray optics and optical instruments are useful for all aspirants preparing for entrance exams including jee, neet. This is the 3d animated lesson with explanation which is very interesting and easy to understand way of learning by shiksha house. These two light rays bc and ef are parallel and superimpose and produce interference. Shiksha house is an education related channel to teach cbse, icse. Mar 05, 2019 class 12 physics notes chapter 10 wave optics. The properties of prisms, mirrors, and lenses are best understood in terms of light rays.
Linear ray and wave optics in phase space request pdf. These are the wave optics class 12 notes prepared by team of expert teachers. Mar 24, 2019 this is a complete set of notes of ray optics and optical instruments which is a part of physics syllabus for neet, jee. The ray matrix technique is a fast way to gain an understanding of how a ray of light propagates through a series of optics. The direction of propagation is perpendicular to the wavefronts or wave crests and is represented by an arrow like a ray. We also present a 3d deconvolution method for light field microscopy that is able to reconstruct volumes at higher spatial resolution, and with better optical sectioning, than previously reported. To prove laws of reflection we use the principle that time taken by the ray to move from incident to reflected wavefront should be same for all rays. The distance between successive wave fronts is the wavelength. Preface this book provides an introduction to the eld of optics from a physics perspective.
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