Clear cell myoepithelial carcinoma of minor salivary gland. Lymphoepitheliallike carcinoma of the parotid gland. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Plasma b cells reside in the salivary glands and produce iga antibody which is then secreted in the saliva. The basic structure of a salivary gland tissue is a branching tubule or duct that has the princi pal secretory cells, the acinar cells, at the ends.
Secretion of amylase by salivary glands is regulated by hormones from endocrine system as well as regulation by nervous system. The structure and function of myoepithelial cells in salivary. Cells appear to be stratified but are actually in a single layer nucleus may be near the base, or near the top of the cell. Oncocytic neoplasms result from metabolically altered cells that accumulate abundant mitochondria within their cytoplasm by oncocytic metaplasia. Shear joint oral pathology unit, university of the witwatersrandsouth african institute for medical research, johannesburg, south africa summaryhistochemical studies of myoepithelial cells were undertaken in order to provide further information about the structure and. Oral histology dent 205 summer semester 20052006 salivary glands characteristics compound more than one tubule entering the main duct tubuloacinar morphology of secreting cells merocrine only secretion of the cell is released exocrine secretion onto a free surface physiology stimulantstaste and mastication autonomic nervous system afferent nerves salivary. Anatomy, biogenesis, and regeneration of salivary glands ncbi nih. Thetumorhasadistinctivehistopathologic pattern with a proliferation of. May 20, 20 salivary gland structure and function 1. D submandibular salivary gland thirty days following exposure to 5 gy radiation. The major salivary glands are the paired parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Each cell consists of a cell body from which four to eight processes radiate and embrace the secretory unit. Salivary gland anatomy n parotid gland n submandibular gland n sublingual gland n minor glands it is not our intent to cover anatomy during this course. There are 3 major types of salivary glands and these include the following.
Losito nsbotti gionna fpasquinelli gminenna pbisceglia m clearcell myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma mec is the most common malignant tumor originating in major and minor salivary glands sgs, accounting for about of all sg carcinomas 1, 2. The occurrence of a particular genetic condition in a family is shown in the pedigree above. Pdf epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland. Mecs structurally resemble both epithelial cells and smooth muscles. Lines developing ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules of.
There are numerous small salivary glands within the tongue, lips cheeks and palate. We have established 22 independent salivary gland epithelial cell strains from parotid or submandibular glands of human or macaque origin. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Lesions of salivary glands with a prominent lymphoid component are a heterogeneous group of diseases that include benign reactive lesions and malignant neoplasms. Following radiotherapy of the head and neck region, salivary gland dysfunction is a predictable sideeffect. Myoepithelial cells mecs are considered to be a key participant in most salivary gland diseases, particularly tumors. Myoepithelial cells are stellateshaped and also known as basket cells. Nineteen strains were derived from normal tissues and.
Additional and relevant useful information for small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of salivary gland. Single cell analysis of t cells infiltrating labial. The fine anatomical and histological details will be covered in other courses. Collectively, the paired parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are referred to as the major salivary glands figure 61. Cytoarchitectural differences of myoepithelial cells among. The most common site of pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands is the palate followed by lip, buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, tongue, tonsil, pharynx, retromolar area, and nasal cavity. Apr 23, 2015 in salivary glands and other exocrine glands, there are starshaped cells lying between the basal lamina and the acinar and ductal cells. However, you should know the locations and characteristics of the salivary glands. This study carried out to establish the cell culture of normal human salivary gland, and itspossible for clinical application. Pleomorphic adenoma is the benign tumor of salivary glands, which originates from the myoepithelial cells and intercalated duct cells. They are interposed between the secretory cells and the basal lamina. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of salivary gland dovemed. Eosinophilic or clear cell glycogen with sheets, trabeculae, acini or follicular patterns of monotonous large polygonal cells with well defined cell borders, deeply eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm, small round nuclei.
It is the serous type of gland which secretes alphaamylase also known as ptyalin. Each major salivary gland produces a specific proportion of. The sections show a stratified squamous epithelium with a thin layer of parakeratosis, minor salivary glands, and a wellcircumscribed cystic lesion. These products are synthesized by acinar cells and stored in cytoplasmic granules. Jul 15, 20 primary lymphoepitheliallike carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare tumour with an increased incidence among eskimos and orientals. Large compound glands, such as salivary glands compound tubuloacinar and the pancreas compound acinar will be studied in detail later in conjunction with the specific. Carbohydrate containing diet stimulates the secretion since the glands have receptors that respond to signal from nervous system that can sense the carb containing food trough touch receptors and taste buds.
A mucous acinuss secretes secretes mucin lubricant. The cellular component comprises serous and mu cous acinar and ductal epithelial cells, myoepitheli al cells and connective tissue components e. The benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the salivary glands has been labeled with multiple, confusing terms. In humans, studies are scarce and the sublingual gland is rarely.
Following in vivo transplantation into irradiated salivary glands of mice, these cells were found to be engrafted around the secretory complexes, where they contributed to restoration of radiation. Salivary glands may give rise to a wide spectrum of different tumors. Histological analysis of salivary glands from normal and irradiated salivary glands from untreated and igf1treated mice. Histogenesis of salivary gland neoplasms dwivedi n. Iga binds the mucus layer that covers the epithelia lining of the oral cavity, thus providing a barrier. Further details can be found in the original atlas ref 1 summary provided by dr. These cells secrete a fluid that contains water, electrolytes, mucus and enzymes, all of which flow out of the acinus into collecting ducts. Myoepithelial cell markers in salivary gland neoplasms. The acini can either be serous, mucous, or a mixture of serous and mucous a serous acinus secretes proteins in an isotonic watery fluid. An immunohistochemical study shojiroh morinaga, md, takashi nakajima, md, and yukio shimosato, md to determine the difference between normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells, we performed immunoperoxidase staining for contractile proteins actin and myosin and intermediate filament proteins vimentin and 55to 57kilodalfon.
Accessory glands of the gi tract lecture 1 salivary glands pancreas. Myoepithelial cellrich pleormorphic adenoma of minor. They are found in the sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands, and salivary glands. They are specialized cells capable of contraction aiding in the expulsion of saliva. How are salivary gland cells adapted to produce lots of. Epithelia and glands epithelial cells cover or line surfaces and also form ducts and glands.
Submandibular glands located at the back of mouth, on both sides of the jaw. Salivary glands are made up of secretory acini acini means a rounded secretory unit and ducts. The neoplastic cells are postgerminal center bcell lymphocytes, which in their normal. Benign lymphoepithelial lesions of the salivary glands jama. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma is a rare tumor of the salivary gland of exceptionally high incidence among eskimo. Diagnostic dilemmas caused are due to inadequacy of characterizing. Salivary gland structure and function linkedin slideshare. Myoepithelial cells mec of the salivary glands in health. Salivary glands are composed mainly of parenchymal cells acini and myoepithelial cells mecs.
Which of the following is the most likely inheritance pattern for the individuals with the condition squares represent males, circles represent females, and shaded symbols represent individuals who exhibit the condition. The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of. There are two types of secretions serous and mucous. The two parotid glands are major salivary glands wrapped around the mandibular ramus in humans. Four cases of epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands arose as painless masses in patients over 60 years old, three in the parotid and one in the submandibular gland. Recently, we identified a relationship between human cytomegalovirus hcmv and human sg mec in over 90% of cases. Dec 25, 2018 additional and relevant useful information for small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of salivary gland. Immunity in the salivary gland british society for. Functional differences in the acinar cells of the murine major. The secretory unit of the salivary gland consists of an acinus, intercalated duct, striated duct and excretory duct.
This tumor is more common in major salivary glands. Salivary gland cytopathology the csc endorses the milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology 2018. The fine anatomical and histological details will be covered in. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma lec of salivary gland is a rare type of an undifferentiated carcinoma.
Phenotype and cell proliferation activity of duct like. An analysis of the heterogeneous culture indicates the existence of several morphological types of cells, including small, densely packed cells of cuboidal or polygonal shapes and large, rounded cells. Cells of mouse submandibular salivary gland in culture in. Normal specimen of labial mino alivary glands obtained from the operative were immediately rinsed into 2% foe al bovine serum containing mem 2 % fcs mem and minced to fragments of 23 mm 3 size by fine pincettes. Myoepithelial cells sometimes referred to as myoepithelium are cells usually found in glandular epithelium as a thin layer above the basement membrane but generally beneath the luminal cells. Immunity in the salivary gland british society for immunology. These are largest of the salivary glands, secreting saliva to facilitate mastication and swallowing, and amylase to begin the digestion of starches. It is mostly present in the major salivary parotid glands and affects middleaged and older men and women. In this report, the ct findings are described and correlated with the histopathologic features of a case of oncocytoma involving the parotid gland that arose in a background of nodular oncocytic hyperplasia. The three forms of acini are classified in terms of the type of epithelial cell present and the.
Sebaceous type glands are mixed with salivary gland acini in 10 40% of normal parotid glands, often in periductal locations in interlobular ducts. Emec tends to grow in a bulky lobulated fashion,withnecrosisandhyalinizationoflarge tumornodules. Single cell clones purified from human parotid glands display. Myoepithelial cells mec are found in the secretory units of many mammalian exocrine glands such as mammary, sweat, lacrimal and salivary glands. Mar 01, 2015 myoepithelial cells mec are found in the secretory units of many mammalian exocrine glands such as mammary, sweat, lacrimal and salivary glands. Pathophysiology of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands. The salivary glands are compound tubuloacinar glands, which means they have branched ducts ending in saclike dilations acini where the excretory cells are located. Salivary glands are compound, tubuloacinar,merocrine, exocrine glands the ducts of whichopen into the oral cavity. Isolation, characterization, and functional analysis of human salivary gland myoepithelial cells for use in tissue regeneration. In addition, they have central enlarged round nuclei with a distinct nucleolus. Proliferative activity of myoepithelial cells in irradiated. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland.
Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the major salivary. Pathology outlines epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma. There are three main types of cells in the major salivary glands. Adjunct professor, university of utah school of medicine. The anatomy and physiology of salivary glands benefits of saliva is that it is easily available for noninvasive collection and analysis. Thompson salivary glands for dummies 20 adenoid cystic carcinoma histology luminal ductal cells and abluminal modified myoepithelial cells tracking nerves is a hallmark peri or intraneural encapsulated tumors minor salivary glands can be difficult to diagnosis histomorphologically polymorphous but cytomorphologically uniform. In salivary glands and other exocrine glands, there are starshaped cells lying between the basal lamina and the acinar and ductal cells. We recommend the abandonment of the vague term of mikulicz disease. The basic secretory units of salivary glands are clusters of cells called an acini. Evaluation of patients with suspected salivary gland disorders figure 1. These cells secrete a fluid that contains water, electrolytes, mucus, and enzymes, all of which flow out of the acinus into collecting ducts. The following document is a short summary of the highlights of the milan system guidelines. These cells structurally resemble epithelial cells and smooth muscles and, thus, are referred to as myoepithelial cells mecs. This study was performed to investigate the correlation between the cytoarchitecture of the mecs in goat major salivary glands parotid.
Normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells in salivary glands. It is evident that the literature regarding agerelated changes in salivary glands is not abundant. The glands are inside a capsule, of connective tissue. Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands. Simultaneous pleomorphic adenomas in the parotid gland and minor salivary gland at. Acinar cells can be either serous or mucus, whereas the ducts are largely composed of. Sometimes the oncocytic features are a primary characteristic of the lesion such as in oncocytoma, and sometimes they are secondary to a process such as oncocytosis, a metaplastic change in the salivary glands of older adults. Primary lymphoepitheliallike carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare tumour with an increased incidence among eskimos and orientals. Saliva is produced in and secreted from salivary glands.
Myoepithelial cells in these cases constitute the basal cell layer of an epithelium that harbors the epithelial progenitor. Minor salivary glands located in the walls of oral cavity and in tongue. Most tumor cells have myoepithelial features with clear cytoplasm or naked nuclei focally, there are ducts or tubules with an outer rim of myoepithelial cells and inner, dark ductal cells with scant eosinophilic cytoplasm and round, bland nuclei also islands, nests or sheets of spindle cells, plasmacytoid hyaline cells. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma malignant lymphoepithelial. During my graduate work, i have reported the isolation of human salivary gland myoepithelial cells. Another cell type, the less studied myoepithelial cells, wrap around the terminal ends of acini and proximal segments of ducts and appear to. The secretory acinar cells of the salivary gland are essential for saliva secretion, but are also the cell type preferentially lost following radiation.
In salivary glands, the myoepithelial cells that surround the intercalated ducts are spindled in contrast to the large stellate ones that envelop the acini. Cellspecific cre strains for genetic manipulation in salivary glands. Jun 03, 2016 the human salivary gland system is composed of glands that are found in and around the mouth and throat. A cell culture that preserves its phenotype up to the 20th passage was obtained from mouse submandibular salivary glands. Wehavefoundonly onecase fromthe united kingdomdescribed 419 as epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma,12 although the parotid clear cell adenoma reported by corridan in 1956 was almost certainlyanother. Occasionally, these pathologic entities present difficulties in the clinical. Humans also have four large glands termed the parotid, submaxillary, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.
Tumors in these glands are either primary salivary tumors, which arise in lymphatic tissue, or metastases. Collina g, gale n, visona a, betts cm, cenacchi v, eusebi v. Within the cell the secretory product is usually in the form of secretory granules. Myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare tumor, defined as a malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands in which tumor cells manifest almost exclusively myoepithelial differentiation2, 6.
An epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma in parotid gland. Histological analysis of salivary glands from normal an. Wehavefoundonly onecase fromthe united kingdomdescribed 419 as epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma,12 although the parotid clear cell adenoma reported by corridan in 1956 was almost certainlyanother. Salivary gland dysfunction refers to either xerostomia the symptom of dry mouth or salivary gland hypofunction reduced production of saliva. End pieces may contain mucous cells, serous cells or a mixture of both. The pg is composed of serous acini and produces watery serous.
To study the regulation of human salivary type gene expression we developed cell culture systems to support the growth and serial cultivation of salivary gland epithelial and fibroblastic cell types. Newly described entities in salivary gland pathology. These may be positive for alpha smooth muscle actin and can contract and expel the secretions of exocrine glands. Its what happens when abnormal cells in these glands grow out of control. Collectively, the primary function of these glands is the production and secretion of saliva. Secret iga by plasma cells in ct of salivary glands. Myoepithelial cells are stellate or spindle shaped with 4 to 8 cytoplasmic processes. It can be used to monitor the presence and levels of hormones, drugs, antibodies, microorganisms and ions. An immunohistochemical study shojiroh morinaga, md, takashi nakajima, md, and yukio shimosato, md to determine the difference between normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells, we performed immunoperoxidase staining for contractile proteins actin and myosin and intermediate filament proteins vimentin and 55to 57. In mixed glands, the mucous acini are capped by a serous demilune. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma lec is an uncommon malignant neoplasm characterized by undifferentiated malignant epithelial cells with marked infiltration of lymphoid cells in the stroma. On the function of myoepithelial cells in salivary glands. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland tumor and represents 70% to 80% of all benign tumors of the major salivary glands.
The histopathologic findings of lymphoid infiltration, intraductal proliferation, epimyoepithelial islands, and acinar atrophy. Some limited infiltration into surrounding fibrous capsule was also seen. The milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology. This chapter will provide an overview of the functions of saliva, the anatomy and. Myoepithelial cells mecs are one of the nonsecretory components of salivary gland acini. Procedures for obtaining salivary gland tissue slices, dispersed cells, western blotting, and. They are found in the sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands, and most importantly in salivary glands.
The basic secretory units of salivary glands are clusters of cells called an acinus. Normal salivary glands are made of many different types of cells. The different types of acinar cells in each gland result in different types of saliva. Salivary gland simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
The cystic lesion has a mildly fibrotic appearing wall, is lined by histiocytes intermixed with rare lymphocytes, and contains mucous and macrophages. Three of our patients one hispanic, one filipino, and one american white had this neoplasm in the parotid gland. Normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells in salivary. In these populations, it is usually associated with epsteinbarr virus. A salivary gland can consist of a varied mixture of these types of end pieces. Mecs play an important role in supporting the morphogenesis, differentiation and polarization of salivary acini. Histologically, all the tumours were composed of small ducts with a double cell lining surrounded by a basement membrane. A normal submandibular salivary gland showing basic structure of acini arrows and ducts asterisk. Lymphoid lesions of salivary glands lymphoid lesions of salivary glands. Previously, the distribution of myoepithelial cells mecs in the salivary glands was studied by both immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy.
Myoepithelial cells are contractile cells with respect to intercalated and secretory endpieces. Isolation, characterization, and functional analysis of. In western countries, salivary gland lymphoepitheliallike carcinomas are uncommon and only 14 cases have been described so far. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland tumor and represents.
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